Cloves are the dried, unopened flower buds of the clove tree, which is native to the Moluccas (also known as the Spice Islands) in Indonesia. The history of cloves can be traced back to ancient times, where they were used for both culinary and medicinal purposes.

Cloves were a highly valued spice in ancient civilizations, and they were used by the ancient Chinese, Egyptians, and Romans for their medicinal properties. In ancient China, cloves were used to treat a variety of ailments such as indigestion and respiratory problems. In ancient Egypt, cloves were used as a spice and also in the embalming process. The ancient Romans also used cloves in their cooking and as a breath freshener.

During the Middle Ages, cloves were highly valued and considered a luxury item. They were used in the cooking of the wealthy and were also used in perfumes and incense. The spice was so valuable that it was said to be worth more than gold. Cloves were also considered to have medicinal properties and were used to treat a variety of ailments such as toothaches and bad breath.

Cloves were brought to Europe by Arab traders during the Middle Ages, and they quickly became a popular spice in European cuisine. They were used in both sweet and savory dishes, and they were also used to make clove-flavored liqueurs. Today, cloves are widely used in a variety of cuisines around the world, including French, Italian, and Scandinavian.

In addition to its culinary uses, cloves have a long history of use in traditional medicine. They are believed to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Cloves are high in a compound called eugenol, which has been found to have beneficial effects on oral health and pain relief.

Cloves are available whole or ground, and they are commonly used in sweet dishes such as pastries, pies, and cakes. It's also used in savory dishes such as curries, stews, and meat dishes. Cloves are also a popular spice for beverages, particularly for hot drinks such as tea and coffee.

Here are a few dishes that go well with cloves:

1. Baked goods: Cloves are a common ingredient in baked goods such as gingerbread, pumpkin pie, and fruitcake.

2. Meat dishes: Cloves are a common ingredient in meat dishes such as ham, pork, and beef, particularly when they're cooked in a sweet glaze.

3. Curries and stews: Cloves are commonly used in savory dishes such as curries and stews, particularly in Indian, Indonesian, and Middle Eastern cuisines.

4. Spiced drinks: Cloves are a popular spice for beverages, particularly for hot drinks such as tea and coffee.

5. Pickling: Cloves are a common ingredient in pickling recipes for vegetables and fruits, it adds a warm and sweet flavor to pickles.

6. Preserves: Cloves are a common ingredient in preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades.

7. Sauces and marinades: Cloves can be used in sauces and marinades to add a warm and sweet flavor to meat and vegetables.

8. Desserts: Cloves are a common ingredient in many desserts such as puddings, custards, and ice cream.

It's important to note that cloves have a strong flavor and should be used sparingly, it pairs well with other spices such as cinnamon, ginger, and nutmeg. And it's commonly used with brown sugar, honey, and other sweeteners to enhance its flavor.